Ad Links Buy a link » Liz Chandler, McClatchy Newspapers TAMPICO, MEXICO - People throughout this Mexican port city tell stories of fathers, sons and husbands who went to America to make their fortunes.

The stories vary, but their essence is the same: There's a shadowy border crossing, the purchase of phony work papers, then gritty, grueling jobs that pay glorious amounts of money that almost immediately begins flowing back to this industrial region of 600,000 people.

But darker tales, like that of Francisco Ruiz, are also common: stories of men who came home battered and broken from doing America's dirty work. Men with no money, unable to work as they once did. Men who are burdens to the families they set out to support.

Hispanic and foreign-born workers are hurt and killed in the American workplace at rates higher than other groups largely because so many of them work in dangerous industries that are hungry for cheap labor.

U.S. workers' compensation laws require most companies to pay for injured workers' medical treatment, lost wages, disabilities and deaths, even if the employees are working illegally. But some unprincipled employers abandon their immigrant laborers. And many of their workers, unaware of their rights and unwilling to fight for benefits for fear of being deported, go home to their families to heal.

He was partially paralyzed and brain damaged when he fell 30 feet at a construction site near Charlotte. His employer, the Belk Masonry Co., and its insurer refused to pay injury benefits because Ruiz was an "illegal alien."

When he got to North Carolina, Ruiz bought a Social Security card for $10. Soon, he was washing dishes at a sports bar, living with a friend and wiring money home.

Ruiz also sent home photos of himself looking thin but fit. On the back of one, he wrote to his 8-year-old daughter, Laura: "To my little girl, the most tiny and beautiful and pretty and exquisite and cute and endearing and darling baby ... I love you so much."

On Aug. 21, 1997, Ruiz got a second job. The Belk Masonry Co. offered him $300 a week to work as a laborer for a masonry crew. The boss checked his work papers but didn't call Social Security to verify his number.

The insurer said a crane hoisting Ruiz along with a load of bricks collapsed. He plunged at least 30 feet onto a concrete floor and was pelted with falling bricks.

He broke a rib and injured a kidney, and his right lung collapsed. He also hit his head on the floor, severely injuring his brain's frontal lobe, which controls language, memory and motor function.

Ruiz's wife followed, with a temporary pass to enter the country, leaving her three children behind. When she arrived at Carolinas Medical Center, she found the Virgin of Guadalupe medal in her husband's hand.

The Companion Property & Casualty Insurance Co. paid his initial medical bills, but adjusters wanted to know all about Francisco Ruiz. When they discovered his illegal work status, they rejected his claim.

The law in North Carolina, as in most states, says that illegal immigrants who are hurt on the job are entitled to compensation. Companies, the law says, must pay injury benefits to "every person engaged in employment ... whether lawfully or unlawfully employed."

But officials at Companion Property & Casualty questioned the law's intent. Why should they pay an alien who lied about his immigration status to get his job? How could an illegal worker technically be considered an employee?

Ruiz woke up after 14 days. He couldn't speak, walk or use the bathroom. He didn't recognize his wife or remember that he had children. His wife and therapists began telling him stories, showing him photos and moving his muscles.

After two months in hospitals, doctors released Ruiz with orders for round-the-clock supervision. His wife had to return to their children in Tampico. So with his brother as his caretaker, Ruiz moved into a cramped apartment in Charlotte and began the most difficult stretch of his life.

Four months after his fall, Charlotte physician James McDeavitt declared that Francisco Ruiz had reached "maximum medical improvement." He was permanently disabled and wasn't employable.

The state ordered Companion Property & Casualty to pay Ruiz two-thirds of his salary -- $200 a week -- while he was out of work, and the dispute went to court.

For the next four years, Ruiz and his family survived on his $800 a month. Ruiz kept $100 for himself, paid his lawyer $200 and sent the rest home.

Companion Property & Casualty lost the first round in 1999 and was ordered to pay Ruiz $200 a week for the remainder of his life, plus medical bills, plus the big-ticket cost of a caretaker earning at least $128 a day.

It would be "repugnant," the court said, for a company that benefited from a worker's labor not to pay him for an injury. Whether the worker was illegal didn't matter.

Companion lost Round Three, too. The state Court of Appeals rejected the company's argument that federal laws prohibiting illegal immigrants from working in the United States nullified state laws that allow those workers to collect injury benefits.

Companion appealed to the state Supreme Court. In 2002 -- five years after his battle began -- the court refused to review the appeals court's decision.

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